Ni gute wahitamo ibikoresho byo mu nzu byujuje amategeko n'amabwiriza y'umutekano by'amahoteli yo muri Amerika?

Gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho byo mu nzu muri Amerika ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikorwa bya hoteli bigende neza. Ibintu bitujuje ibisabwa bigira ingaruka ku mutekano w'abashyitsi kandi bigateza ibibazo bikomeye mu mategeko.

Imvune zikunze guterwa n’ibikoresho byo muri hoteli zitujuje ibisabwa zirimo iziterwa n’ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho bifite inenge, nko kugwa kw’intebe, ibitanda byangiritse, cyangwa ibikoresho bya siporo bikora nabi.
Amahoteli agomba gushyira imbere guhitamo ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo agabanye ibi bibazo kandi agire ubuzima bwiza bw'abashyitsi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Amahoteli agomba gukurikiza amategeko agenga ibikoresho byo mu nzu muri Amerika. Ibi bituma abashyitsi baguma mu mutekano. Binarinda ibibazo by'amategeko.
• Amategeko y'ingenzi akubiyemo umutekano w'inkongi y'umuriro, uburyo abashyitsi bafite ubumuga binjira, n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Amahoteli agomba kugenzura aya mategeko.
• Hitamo abatanga serivisi bezaSaba ibyemezo. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa byose by’umutekano n’amategeko.

Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'ingenzi ya Amerika agenga ibikoresho byo muri hoteli

Guhitamoibikoresho byo muri hotelibisaba gusobanukirwa neza amategeko atandukanye yo muri Amerika. Aya mahame ashimangira umutekano w'abashyitsi, uburyo bwo kubageraho, n'inshingano zabo ku bidukikije. Amahoteli agomba kubahiriza ibi bisabwa kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo by'amategeko kandi akomeze kugira izina ryiza.

Gusobanukirwa Ibipimo Bijyanye n'Ubushyuhe mu Bikoresho byo muri Hoteli

Amabwiriza agenga uburyo bwo gutwika ni ingenzi cyane mu mutekano w'amahoteli. Aya mategeko agamije gukumira cyangwa kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'inkongi z'umuriro, kurinda abashyitsi n'imitungo yabo. Amabwiriza menshi y'ingenzi agenga ibikoresho byo mu nzu bipfundikiye mu mahoteli yo muri Amerika.

• Californiya TB 117-2013 (Kalori 117): Iri hame rishyiraho ibisabwa mu by’umutekano ku ntebe zipfundikiye. Ripima ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ikintu gitwika itabi. Kugira ngo ritangire, umwenda ntugomba gupfuka umwotsi mu gihe kirenze iminota 45, ufite uburebure bwa 45mm, kandi ntugomba gushya mu muriro. Leta nyinshi za Amerika na Kanada zikurikiza iri hame bitewe n’ingano y’isoko rya California n’amategeko agenga inkongi.
• NFPA 260 / UFAC (Inama Ishinzwe Ibikorwa by'Ibikoresho Bikozwe mu Myugariro): Iyi ngengo isanzwe ikoreshwa cyane ku bikoresho byo mu nzu bitari ibyo mu rugo, harimo n'amahoteli. Isaba ko uburebure bwa char butarenga santimetero 45 (45mm). Ifuro ntishobora no gushya iyo igeragejwe n'ifuro ridafite ubucucike bwinshi.
• Ikinyamakuru cya California 133 (CAL 133): Iri tegeko rireba by'umwihariko uburyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu 'bibanza rusange', nko mu nyubako za leta n'ibiro bicumbikira abantu icumi cyangwa barenga. Bitandukanye na CAL 117, CAL 133 isaba kugerageza ibikoresho byose, atari ibice gusa. Ibi bikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bw'imyenda, imitako, n'ibikoresho by'umukandara.
• Mu 2021, hashyizweho amabwiriza mashya agenga umutekano w’ibikoresho byo mu nzu bitwikwa n’inkongi. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yategetse aya mahame mu itegeko rirengera COVID. Aya mahame agenga umutekano w’ibikoresho byo mu nzu muri leta ya California, TB-117-2013, avuga by’umwihariko ku nkongi zitwika.

Abakora bagomba gukora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo bemeze ko bujuje ibisabwa. Muri ibi harimo:

• Itangazo rya tekiniki rya California (TB) 117-2013: Iyi nyandiko ikoreshwa ku myenda yo gupfuka, ibikoresho byo kurengera, n'ibikoresho byo kuzuza biramba mu bikoresho byo mu nzu. Itegeka ibizamini byihariye byo gutwika ku myenda yo gupfuka, ibikoresho byo kurengera, n'ibikoresho byo kuzuza biramba. Ibikoresho byo mu nzu bitsindiye ibi bizamini bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo gihoraho kivuga ngo: 'Byubahiriza ibisabwa na CPSC muri Amerika ku bikoresho byo mu nzu biramba'.
• ASTM E1537 – Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gupima Inkongi y'Umuriro w'Ibikoresho Bifite Umwambaro: Iri hame rishyiraho uburyo bwo gupima uko ibikoresho byo mu nzu bifatwa n'inkongi y'umuriro mu myanya rusange iyo byashyizwemo umuriro.
• NFPA 260 – Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gupima no Gushyira mu Bice Ibyiciro by'Ibikoresho Bifite Ingufu: Iri hame rishyiraho uburyo bwo gupima no gushyira mu byiciro ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho byo mu nzu bifite upholstery bwo kurwanya itabi ryaka.

Gukurikiza amategeko ya ADA mu guhitamo ibikoresho byo mu mahoteli

Itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga (ADA) ryemeza ko abashyitsi bose bashobora kwinjira muri hoteli. Amahoteli agomba guhitamo no guteguraibikoresho byo muri hotelikubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye ya ADA, cyane cyane ku byumba by'abashyitsi.

• Uburebure bw'igitanda: Nubwo ADA idatanga amabwiriza yihariye, amahoteli agomba kwemeza ko ibitanda bikoreshwa n'abafite ubumuga. Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Uburiri cya ADA gisaba ko igitanda kiba kiri hagati ya santimetero 20 na 23 uvuye hasi ujya hejuru ya matelas. Ibitanda birebire cyane birenga santimetero 20 bishobora kugora abakoresha amagare y'abamugaye. Hari inama zivuga ko hejuru ya matelas hagomba kuba hagati ya santimetero 17 na 23 uvuye hasi kugira ngo byorohereze kwimura abantu.
• Ameza n'ameza: Ameza n'ameza byoroshye gukoresha bigomba kugira uburebure butarenze santimetero 12. Bisaba nibura santimetero 12.5 z'uburebure bw'amavi hagati y'ubutaka n'inyuma y'ameza. Ahantu ho kwicara hafite santimetero 12.5 kuri santimetero 12.5 ni ngombwa kuri buri mwanya wo kwicaraho, ukagira santimetero 12 munsi y'ameza kugira ngo amaguru n'amavi bibe bito.
• Inzira isobanutse n'ahantu ho hasi: Ibitanda, intebe, n'ibindi bikoresho bigomba kwemerera nibura santimetero 15 z'inzira isobanutse yo kugenda. Nibura ahantu hamwe ho kurara hagomba gutanga umwanya usobanutse wo hasi wa santimetero 15 kuri santimetero 15 ku mpande zombi z'igitanda, bigatuma habaho inzira ijyanye. Ubu buryo busobanutse bwo hasi butuma abashyitsi bashobora gutwara amagare y'abamugaye cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo kugenda.
• Amasoko y'amashanyarazi: Abashyitsi bagomba kuba bashobora kugera ku masoko y'amashanyarazi nta ngorane zikomeye. Gushyira ibikoresho mu nzu ntibigomba kubangamira uburyo bwo kugera kuri ibi bintu by'ingenzi.

Amabwiriza agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku bikoresho byo mu nzu byo muri hoteli

Imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva mu bikoresho byo mu nzu ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ireme ry'umwuka wo mu nzu no ku buzima bw'abashyitsi. Amabwiriza n'ibyemezo bireba ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCs) n'ibindi bintu byangiza ibidukikije.

• Imipaka ya VOC na FormaldehydeAmabwiriza nka UL Greenguard Gold na CARB Phase 2 ashyiraho imipaka yemewe ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.

• Ibinyabutabire bibujijwe: Igipimo ngenderwaho cya GS-33 ku bijyanye n'amahoteli n'amazu yo guturamo gisobanura amabwiriza ku marangi, akunze kugira ingaruka ku bikoresho byo mu nzu. Gishyiraho imipaka y'ingano ya VOC ku marangi y'inyubako. Byongeye kandi, amarangi ntagomba kuba arimo ibyuma biremereye cyangwa ibintu by'uburozi nka antimoni, cadmium, lead, mercure, formaldehyde, na phthalate esters.
• Icyemezo cya Greenguard: Iki cyemezo cyigenga gipima cyane ibikoresho kugira ngo harebwe imyuka mibi nka formaldehyde, VOCs, na monoxide de carbone. Gifasha mu kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa, harimo n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu, byujuje ibisabwa mu rwego rw'ubuziranenge bw'umwuka wo mu nzu.

Umutekano rusange w'ibicuruzwa n'ihindagurika ry'ibikoresho byo muri hoteli

Uretse gutwika no gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere, umutekano n'ubudahangarwa muri rusange by'ibicuruzwa ni ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho byo mu nzu bigomba kuba bifite umutekano mu ikoreshwa rya buri munsi, birinda imvune ziterwa no kugongwa n'ibintu byangiritse, kwangirika kw'inyubako, cyangwa ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga.

• Ubudahangarwa no Kurwanya Ingufu: Ibikoresho byo mu nzu, cyane cyane ibikoresho birebire nk'imyenda yo kwambara n'amakabati, bigomba kuba bihamye kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka zo kugwa hejuru. Izi mpanuka ziteza akaga gakomeye, cyane cyane ku bana. CPSC yemeje amahame y'ubwitange ya ASTM F2057-23 nk'amahame y'umutekano ategetswe ku ya 19 Mata 2023, kugira ngo hirindwe kugwa hejuru kw'ibikoresho byo mu nzu. Aya mahame areba ibikoresho byo kubika imyenda bihagaze mu buryo burambuye bifite santimetero 27 cyangwa uburebure. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu mikorere birimo ibizamini byo kuguma ku matapi, hamwe n'amakabati yuzuye, hamwe n'amakabati menshi afunguye, kandi bigapima uburemere bw'abana kugeza ku biro 60. Iki gikoresho ntikigomba kugwa hejuru cyangwa gushyigikirwa gusa n'agasanduku cyangwa umuryango ufunguye mu gihe cyo gupima.
• Umutekano n'uburozi bw'ibikoresho: Ibikoresho byo mu nzu (imbaho, ibyuma, pulasitiki, ifuro) bigomba kuba bidafite imiti ihumanya. Impamyabushobozi nka Greenguard Gold n'amabwiriza nka California Proposition 65 bireba umutekano w'ibikoresho. Amategeko akemura ibibazo nka lead mu irangi, formaldehyde mu bicuruzwa by'ibiti bivanze, ndetse no guhagarika bimwe mu bintu bigabanya umuriro.
• Ubuziranenge bw'imiterere: Inyubako, harimo n'urubaho, ingingo, n'ibikoresho, bigomba gutuma biramba. Ibi birinda ibibazo nko gusenyuka cyangwa kugorama. Ingingo nziza (urugero: umurizo w'inkuta, mortise na tenon), ibikoresho bikomeye (ibiti bikomeye, ibyuma), hamwe n'ubushobozi bukwiye bwo gupima uburemere ni ngombwa.
• Ingaruka za tekiniki: Ibikoresho byo mu nzu bigomba gukumira ibyago bituruka ku bice by'imashini. Impande zityaye, ibice bisohoka, n'ubwubatsi budahamye bishobora gutera imvune. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibintu nka CPSC zishyiraho amahame ngenderwaho ku bintu nk'intebe z'abana zipfunyika n'ibitanda byo ku meza kugira ngo hakemurwe izo ngaruka.

Amategeko y'inyubako yo mu gace n'ibisabwa ku mukozi ushinzwe kuzimya umuriro ku bikoresho byo muri hoteli

Amategeko agenga inyubako zo mu gace n'amabwiriza agenga abazimya inkongi akenshi bigena uburyo amahoteli atunganya ibikoresho byo mu nzu, cyane cyane ibijyanye n'inzira zo gusohoka no kwirinda inkongi. Mu gihe amategeko rusange y'inyubako yibanda ku buziranenge bw'inyubako n'uburyo rusange bwo kuzimya inkongi, abayobozi b'izimya inkongi bubahiriza by'umwihariko inzira zisobanutse.

• Inzira zo Gusohoka: Aho gusohoka mu gihe cy'impanuka hagomba kuguma nta mbogamizi na gato, ubugari busobanutse bwa santimetero 28. Kugabanuka k'ubugari busobanutse, imbogamizi iyo ari yo yose (nk'ububiko, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, cyangwa ibikoresho), cyangwa urugi urwo ari rwo rwose rufunganye rusaba urufunguzo rwo gusohoka ni ukurenga ku mategeko ako kanya. Abashinzwe umutekano bakunze gukora amarondo ahoraho mu bice rusange no mu byumba by'abashyitsi kugira ngo batange raporo ku mbogamizi, cyane cyane izifunga inzira zo gusohoka mu gihe cy'impanuka.
• Kubangamira ibikoresho byo mu nzu: Amahoteli agomba kugenzura ko gushyira ibikoresho mu nzu bitabangamira inzira zo gusohoka. Impamvu zikunze kubangamira zirimo gukoresha inzira zo gusohoka mu gihe cyo kuvugurura cyangwa gushyira ibikoresho mu byiciro by'agateganyo. Ibi bikorwa bituma sisitemu yo gusohoka iba ikibazo.
• Amabwiriza yihariye: Gahunda zo mu Mujyi wa New York zo kubungabunga umutekano w'inkongi no kwimura abantu zikubiyemo imibare y'inyubako, ingazi, ascenseur, umwuka uhumeka, n'imbonerahamwe. Ariko, ntabwo zigenga cyane cyane aho ibikoresho bishyirwa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amategeko y'inyubako ya Los Angeles yibanda ku ntego rusange nko kurinda ubuzima n'umutungo, nta makuru arambuye ku bijyanye no gushyira ibikoresho mu mutekano w'inkongi. Kubwibyo, amahoteli agomba kubahiriza amahame rusange agenga umutekano w'inkongi n'amabwiriza agenga abazimya inkongi ku bijyanye no kuva mu nzu neza.

Uburyo bw'ingamba bwo kugura ibikoresho by'amahoteli byujuje ibisabwa

Gutanga amasoko yujuje ibisabwaibikoresho byo muri hotelibisaba uburyo bunoze kandi bujyanye n'ubumenyi. Amahoteli agomba kurenga ku by'ubwiza bw'inzu no gushyira imbere umutekano, uburyo bwo kuyabona, no kubahiriza amategeko kuva mu ntangiriro. Iyi gahunda yo gutanga amasoko igabanya ibyago kandi igatuma abashyitsi bose bagira ibidukikije bitekanye kandi bishimishije.

Ubwitonzi bukwiye mu kumenya amabwiriza akurikizwa ku bikoresho byo muri hoteli

Amahoteli agomba gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kugira ngo amenye amabwiriza yose akurikizwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bwihutirwa butuma amahitamo yose y’ibikoresho by’ubwoko bwose ahura n’ibisabwa n’amategeko ariho ubu. Guverinoma n’imiryango mpuzamahanga barimo gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akaze ku bikoresho, inzira zo gukora, n’uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu gukora ibikoresho by’ubwoko bwose. Izi mpinduka zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko ry’ibikoresho by’ubwoko bwose bya hoteli. Amahoteli ashobora gukora ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka z’amategeko zigezweho n’izizaza binyuze mu gushakisha amasoko atandukanye yizewe. Ayo masoko arimo inzego za leta, inzego zishinzwe kugenzura, ububiko bw’amakuru n’ububiko bw’amakuru (nka Bloomberg, Wind Info, Hoovers, Factiva, na Statista), n’amashyirahamwe y’inganda. Guhorana amakuru ku bijyanye n’aya mahame ari guhinduka ni ingenzi kugira ngo hubahirizwe amategeko igihe kirekire.

Guhitamo Abacuruzi Bazwi ku Bikoresho by'Amahoteli Bijyanye n'Amategeko

Guhitamo umucuruzi ukwiye ni intambwe ikomeye mu kwemeza ko ibikoresho byo mu nzu byujuje ibisabwa. Amahoteli agomba gusuzuma abashobora gutanga ibikoresho hashingiwe ku bintu byinshi by'ingenzi. Agomba gushaka abatanga ibicuruzwa bafite amateka meza kandi bazwi mu nganda. Aba batanga ibicuruzwa bagomba kuba bafite uburambe bw'imyaka myinshi mu rwego rw'amahoteli. Bagomba kandi gutanga ibimenyetso by'ubufatanye bwiza kandi bagahora bubahiriza igihe ntarengwa. Ubuhamya bw'abakiriya, inyigo z'ibyabaye, no gusura uruganda bitanga ubumenyi bw'ingirakamaro ku buhanga n'icyizere by'umucuruzi.

Byongeye kandi, amahoteli agomba kugenzura ko umucuruzi yubahiriza amahame akomeye y’umutekano n’inganda. Ibi birimo kwirinda inkongi z’umuriro, uburozi buke, n’imiterere y’imiterere y’ibikoresho. Abacuruzi bagomba gutanga ibyemezo nk’ibipimo bya ISO, ibyemezo by’umutekano w’umuriro, cyangwa ibyemezo by’akarere bireba. Izi nyandiko zirinda abashyitsi n’ubucuruzi bwa hoteli imyenda. Gusuzuma aho ibicuruzwa biherereye ku isoko ry’uruganda n’amateka yarwo nabyo ni ingenzi. Abacuruzi b’inararibonye bakunze kugira inzira zoroshye kandi basobanukiwe neza ibyo bakeneye mu kwakira abashyitsi. Bafite kandi urutonde rw’imishinga yarangiye. Gusuzuma isuzuma, gusaba ingero, no gusura aho byakorewe mbere bishobora kwemeza ko ari ingenzi.

Mu gihe cyo kuganira n'abacuruzi, amahoteli agomba kubaza ibibazo byihariye kugira ngo arebe ko asobanukiwe kandi ko yubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho byo muri hoteli yo muri Amerika. Ibi bibazo birimo ibibazo bijyanye n'ibizamini byo kwirinda inkongi byategetswe n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Igihugu rishinzwe Kurinda Inkongi (NFPA) ku bikoresho bifite upholstery. Amahoteli agomba kandi kubaza ku mahame ya BIFMA agenga imiterere n'ubuziranenge bw'inyubako, akoreshwa ku bikoresho bitandukanye nk'amasofa, ameza yo ku ruhande, n'intebe zo mu kabari. Abacuruzi bagomba kandi kubahiriza amahame ya ASTM n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Ikigo cy'Igihugu Gishinzwe Amabwiriza (ANSI) bikubiyemo uburyo bwo kwirinda inkongi n'ubuziranenge bw'inyubako. Ibindi bibazo by'ingenzi ni ibijyanye n'amahame agenga ubukana bw'inkongi, ubukana bw'inkongi, amategeko agenga umutekano w'inkongi, n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga ADA.

Kugena Ibikoresho Bijyanye n'Umutekano n'Imikoreshereze y'Ibikoresho bya Hoteli

Ibipimo by'ibikoresho bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mutekano no kubahiriza amategeko agenga ibikoresho byo muri hoteli. Amahoteli agomba guhitamo ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa mu gutwika no kuramba. Ku myenda n'ifuro bitinda umuriro, ibikoresho na matelas bifite upholstery mu myanya rusange bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mu gutwika byashyizweho na ASTM E 1537 cyangwa California Technical Bulletin 133. Matelas zisaba by'umwihariko kubahiriza California Technical Bulletin 129. California Technical Bulletin 133 ni uburyo bwagenwe bwo gupima ibikoresho bifite upholstery mu myanya rusange. Nubwo California Technical Bulletin 117 ari itegeko ku bikoresho bifite upholstery mu mazu, ahantu henshi hakorerwa ibikoresho rusange harimo ibikoresho byujuje iri tegeko gusa. Ibindi bizamini bireba birimo NFPA 701 Test 1 ku bijyanye n'amashuka, NFPA 260 ku bijyanye n'imyenda, na ASTM E-84 Ikoreshwa ku nkuta. NFPA 260 ipima ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda y'imyenda ku itabi rishyuha. NFPA 701 Test #1 ishyira mu byiciro imyenda y'amarido n'indi myenda imanikwa. CAL/TB 117 ishyira mu byiciro imyenda yo mu nzu, cyane cyane iyo gukoreshwa muri California.

Kugira ngo ibikoresho byo mu ihoteli birambe kandi byujuje ibisabwa, ibikoresho byihariye bitanga umusaruro mwiza. Ibiti bikomeye nka Ipe, Teak, Oak, Cherry wood, Maple, Acacia, Eucalyptus, na Mahogany bitanga ubucucike, imbaraga, no kuramba igihe kirekire. Laminates nziza za bamboo na plywood nziza nazo zitanga umusaruro ukomeye kandi uhamye. Kuri pulasitiki, HDPE yo mu rwego rw'imiterere ni yo yizewe cyane kubera ko ihamye, imbaraga, no kwihanganira ikirere. Polycarbonate itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe, naho ABS itanga inyubako isukuye kandi ikomeye mu bidukikije bigenzurwa. Ibyuma nk'ibyuma bitarangirika (304 na 316) bitanga imbaraga zirambye kandi birwanya ingese neza. Icyuma gikonje gitanga imikorere ikomeye, isobanutse neza, kandi ihendutse, naho aluminiyumu yoherejwe (6063) itanga imbaraga zoroshye n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gushushanya. Ibi bikoresho byemeza ko ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira gukoreshwa cyane no kugumana ubuziranenge bw'inyubako uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Inyandiko z'ingenzi n'icyemezo cy'ibikoresho byo muri hoteli

Kubungabunga inyandiko n'ibyemezo birambuye ni ingenzi mu kugaragaza ko byubahirizwa mu gihe cy'igenzura. Amahoteli agomba gusaba ibyemezo byihariye ku nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu nzu. Ibi birimo icyemezo cya BIFMA LEVEL®, icyemezo cya FEMB ku rwego rwa FEMB, icyemezo cya UL GREENGUARD (na UL GREENGUARD Gold Certification), n'isuzuma rya BIFMA M7.1 ku bijyanye n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya VOC ituruka mu bikoresho byo mu biro n'ibyicaro. Serivisi zo kubahiriza amategeko muri California Proposition 65 n'icyemezo cy'imenyekanisha ry'ibicuruzwa bidukikije nabyo ni ingenzi.

Mu rwego rwo kugenzura, amahoteli agomba kugira inyandiko zitandukanye z'ingenzi. Ibi birimo raporo z'ibizamini by'umuntu wa gatatu, Impamyabumenyi z'Isesengura ry'Ibikoresho (COAs), impapuro z'amakuru arangiza, n'ibisobanuro byo gupakira. Garanti yanditse, ubusanzwe imyaka 3-5 ku bintu by'amasezerano, nayo irakenewe. Amahoteli agomba kubika inyandiko z'iyemeza ibikoresho, nk'udupira twa veneer/imyenda hamwe n'amakuru y'ibizamini, n'impamyabumenyi z'ibizamini birangiza. Inyemeza z'ibikoresho by'igerageza zihagarariye umusaruro nazo ni ingenzi. Inyandiko z'isuzuma ry'umunyu wa ISO 9227 ku bikoresho, aho hari ibyago byo kwangirika, ni ingenzi. Inyandiko z'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga ubushyuhe, harimo ibisabwa na California TB117-2013 n'ibirango, hamwe n'ibyiciro bya NFPA 260, bigomba kuboneka byoroshye. Inyandiko zubahiriza imyuka ihumanya, nka TSCA Title VI, ibirango, n'inyandiko zitumiza mu mahanga hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya gahunda ya EPA, hamwe n'ishyirwa mu byiciro rya E1 ryemejwe na EN 717-1 chamber method, nazo zirakenewe. Ibirango bya TSCA Title VI bitangwa n'abatanga serivisi ku bipande bivanze n'ibirango bya TB117-2013 n'amakuru y'isuzuma ry'imyenda ni ingenzi. Hanyuma, inyandiko zigaragaza amahame agenga imyanya ikoreshwa (urugero, BIFMA X5.4, EN 16139/1728) na raporo z’abandi bantu ndetse n’iyubahirizwa ry’ibirango/iyubahirizwa rya laboratwari nk’uko bigaragara ku mapaji ya gahunda ya EPA TSCA Title VI ku bicuruzwa bijya muri Amerika birakenewe.

Amabwiriza yo gushyiraho no gushyira ibikoresho mu mahoteli kugira ngo hubahirizwe iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko

Gushyira ibikoresho no kubishyiraho neza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo abashyitsi bagire umutekano kandi bakurikize amahame ngenderwaho yo kubigeraho. Amahoteli agomba gufunga ibikoresho na televiziyo ku nkuta cyangwa hasi akoresheje udupfunyika, imigozi, cyangwa imishumi y'inkuta. Agomba kwemeza ko ibipfunyika bifatanye n'imigozi y'inkuta kugira ngo bigire umutekano mwinshi. Gushyira ingufuri ku dupfunyika birinda abana gukururwa no gukoreshwa nk'intambwe zo kuzamuka. Gushyira ibintu biremereye ku dupfunyika two hasi cyangwa ku dupfunyika bigabanya imbaraga zo hagati. Amahoteli agomba kwirinda gushyira ibintu biremereye, nka televiziyo, hejuru y'ibikoresho bitagenewe gutwara imizigo nk'iyo. Gushyira ibikinisho by'abana, ibitabo, n'ibindi bintu ku dupfunyika two hasi bigabanya kuzamuka. Gusuzuma buri gihe aho ibikoresho bishyirwa bigabanya ibyago. Amahoteli agomba kugenzura ibikoresho buri mezi 6 niba binyeganyega cyangwa bidakomeye, imigozi idafunguye cyangwa icyuho mu ngingo, n'imigozi ikurura inkuta. Gushyira udupfunyika dufite ishusho ya L inyuma y'utubati ture ndende na televiziyo bitanga imbaraga zo gufunga inkuta cyangwa hasi. Gukoresha icyuma gikomeye cyane gikonje cyangwa icyuma cya karuboni gifite agaciro ka S235 cyangwa hejuru yacyo ku bice by'ubwubatsi, hamwe n'udupfunyika two gukonjesha ahantu hakomeye, byongera gukomera. Gushushanya inzira zo kugeramo kugira ngo hagenzurwe bolt bituma habaho kugenzura buri gihe ibifunga no gusimbuza vuba ibice byacitse cyangwa byangiritse. Inyubako z'ibikoresho byo mu nzu zorohereza gusimbuza ibice biri aho hantu, bigabanya ingorane n'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga.

Ku bijyanye no gushyira ibikoresho mu nzu, amahoteli agomba kugira inzira zisobanutse zo gusohoka no kwinjira muri ADA mu byumba no mu duce dusanzwe. Inzira zisanzwe zo gusohoka mu duce dusanzwe two gukoreramo abakozi zigomba kubahiriza nibura ubugari bwa santimetero 36. Ibirenzeho ibi bisabwa birimo ahantu hari munsi ya metero kare 1000 zigenwa n'ibikoresho bihoraho n'inzira zikikije ibikoresho byo mu gace ko gukoreramo, bikaba ari igice cy'ingenzi cy'agace ko gukoreramo. Ibintu bigaragarira imbere ntibigomba kurenza santimetero 4 mu nzira iyo ari yo yose yo gusohokamo, harimo n'iyo mu duce two gukoreramo, kugira ngo habeho umutekano ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Inzira zo kugerwaho zigomba kuba nibura santimetero 36 z'ubugari. Iyo hazungurutswe dogere 180 ku kintu kiri munsi ya santimetero 48 z'ubugari, ubugari busobanutse bugomba kuba nibura santimetero 42 zegereye kandi zisohoka mu gace, na santimetero 48 mu gace ko guhindukiramo ubwako. Inzugi zo mu duce two kugeramo zigomba gutanga ubugari busobanutse bwa santimetero 32. Ku nzugi zizunguruka, iki gipimo gifatwa hagati y'uruhande rw'umuryango n'aho uhagarara iyo urugi rufunguye kuri dogere 90. Inzugi zijya munsi ya santimetero 24 zisaba ko hafunguka nibura santimetero 36 z'ubugari. Inzira yo kugera kuri buri meza igerwamo igomba kuba irimo ubuso busobanutse bwa santimetero 10 kuri 18 kuri buri mwanya wo kwicaraho, aho santimetero 10 z'aho hantu zigarukira munsi y'ameza kugira ngo amaguru n'amavi bibe bifunguye. Nibura ahantu hamwe ho kuryama hagomba gutanga umwanya usobanutse wa santimetero 10 kuri 18 ku mpande zombi z'igitanda, hashyizwe ahantu hateganye.

Kwirinda ingorane zikunze kugaragara mu kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho byo muri hoteli

Amahoteli akunze guhura n'ingorane zitandukanye iyo agura ibikoresho byo mu nzu. Gusobanukirwa aya makosa asanzwe bifasha kwemeza ko abashyitsi bubahiriza amategeko yose kandi ko umutekano wabo uri muke.

Ingaruka zo Kwirengagiza Impinduka mu Mategeko y'Ibikoresho by'Amahoteli

Amategeko ya leta atanga ishingiro, ariko amategeko yo mu gace akunze gushyiraho ibisabwa by'inyongera kandi bikomeye. Amahoteli agomba gukora ubushakashatsi ku mategeko yihariye ya leta n'ay'uturere. Urugero, California ifite amategeko yihariye agenga ibikoresho byo mu nzu. California Technical Bulletin 117, yavuguruwe mu 2013, itegeka amahame yihariye yo kwirinda gupfuka umwotsi ku bikoresho byo mu nzu bifite ibikoresho. California kandi isaba 'amategeko' ku bikoresho bifite ibikoresho, isobanura ibikoresho byuzuza n'amabwiriza y'ibyemezo, bitandukanye n'amahame ya leta. Byongeye kandi, California Proposition 65 isaba ko habaho kwihanangirizwa niba ibikoresho birimo ibintu bizwiho gutera kanseri cyangwa kwangiza imyororokere, nka formaldehyde cyangwa lisade, birenga imipaka y'umutekano.

Impamvu "Icyiciro cy'Ubucuruzi" kitavuga ko ibikoresho byo muri hoteli byujuje ibisabwa

Ijambo "urwego rw'ubucuruzi" ntirihamya ko ikoreshwa rya hoteli ryubahirizwa burundu. Nubwo ibikoresho byo mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi bihangana n'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu benshi kurusha ibicuruzwa bigurishwa, bishobora kudahura n'amahame yose agenga hoteli. Ibikoresho byemewe n'amategeko agenga hoteli, bizwi kandi nk'ibikoresho by'amasezerano, bikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye rya ANSI/BIFMA. Ibi byemeza ko byubahirije amabwiriza yihariye agenga umutekano, inkongi, no kubigeraho. Urugero, icyemezo cya GREENGUARD Gold gishyiraho imipaka mito ya VOC kandi gikubiyemo ibipimo bishingiye ku buzima ku baturage bafite ibibazo, kirenze amahame rusange ya GREENGUARD. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byemewe akenshi byujuje ibipimo by'umutekano w'inkongi nka CAL 133, ikizamini gikomeye cyo gutwika ku bikoresho by'intebe.

Ingaruka zo kubungabunga no kwambara ibikoresho bya hoteli ku kubahiriza amategeko

Ndetse n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu byujuje ibisabwa mu ntangiriro bishobora kutubahiriza amategeko bitewe no kwangirika no gucika. Kubungabunga buri gihe ni ingenzi. Ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibikoresho byangiritse birimo ingingo zirekuye n'ingufu zihindagurika, bigaragara nk'icyuho cyangwa kugenda iyo umuntu asunitswe n'igitutu. Gukuraho irangi n'ibishushanyo, birangwa no kuzamura impande cyangwa ahantu hashyuha, nabyo bigaragaza ko byangiritse. Impande zityaye, kurangiza nabi, imitako iragwa, no kudoda nabi bishobora guteza akaga mu mutekano. Amahoteli agomba kugenzura ibikoresho buri gihe kugira ngo amenye kandi abikemure, hirindwe imvune zishobora kubaho kandi akomeze kubahiriza amategeko.

Amafaranga y'igihe kirekire yo kubangamira ibikoresho byo mu nzu kubera ingengo y'imari isanzwe

Guhitamo ibikoresho byo mu nzu bifite ubuziranenge buke kugira ngo uzigame amafaranga mu ntangiriro akenshi bitera ikiguzi kinini cy'igihe kirekire. Ubwo bwumvikane bushingiye ku ngengo y'imari busaba ko byasimbuzwa hakiri kare, cyane cyane mu mahoteli atuwe n'abantu benshi. Ibikoresho byo mu nzu birambye, nubwo ari ishoramari rinini rya mbere, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kubisana no kubisimbuza bitewe nuko biramba. Ibikoresho byo mu nzu bidakozwe neza cyangwa byangiritse cyane bishobora kongera isura y'amategeko. Ibi byorohereza abarega kuvuga ko bitagenze neza mu manza z'uburyozwacyaha, cyane cyane iyo ibikoresho bitubahirije amategeko agenga umutekano cyangwa uburyo bwo kubigeraho.

Amahoteli yemeza ko ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse,guhitamo abagurisha bazwi, n'ibisobanuro nyabyo by'ibikoresho. Bagumana inyandiko z'ingenzi kandi bakurikiza amabwiriza akomeye yo gushyiraho. Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'ingenzi birinda abashyitsi kandi bikazamura izina rya hoteli. Guhora witonze mu guhitamo no kubungabunga ibikoresho biracyari ingenzi kugira ngo umutekano ukomeze kuba mwiza kandi ukomeze gukorwa neza.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni irihe tegeko ry'ingenzi cyane ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo muri hoteli bishobora gushya?

TB 117-2013 yo muri California ni ingenzi cyane. Isuzuma uburyo ibikoresho byo mu nzu bitagira ingaruka ku itabi. Leta nyinshi zikurikiza iyi ngingo.

Ni gute amategeko ya ADA agira ingaruka ku guhitamo ibitanda byo muri hoteli?

Gukurikiza amategeko ya ADA bisaba uburebure bw'igitanda bushoboka. Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'ADA gisaba ko igitanda kiba kiri hagati ya santimetero 20 na 23 uvuye hasi ujya hejuru ya matelas kugira ngo byoroshye kwimura.

Kuki "urwego rw'ubucuruzi" rudahagije buri gihe ku bikoresho byo muri hoteli?

Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi bishobora kudakurikiza amabwiriza yose agenga hoteli. Ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa na hoteli bikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye rya ANSI/BIFMA kugira ngo harebwe umutekano, inkongi y'umuriro, n'uburyo byoroshye kubigeraho.