Muri iki gihe gisanzwe kitari igihe cyo kohereza, ahantu hoherezwa cyane, ibiciro byubwikorezi, hamwe nigihembwe gikomeye byahindutse amagambo yingenzi kumasoko.Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ivunjisha ry’i Shanghai yerekana ko guhera mu mpera za Werurwe 2024 kugeza ubu, igipimo cy’imizigo kuva ku cyambu cya Shanghai kugera ku isoko ry’ibyambu by’ibanze muri Amerika yepfo cyiyongereyeho 95,88%, naho ibicuruzwa biva mu cyambu cya Shanghai bikagera ku cyambu cy’ibanze; isoko mu Burayi ryiyongereyeho 43,88%.
Abashinzwe inganda basesengura ko ibintu nko kuzamura isoko ku Burayi no muri Amerika ndetse n’amakimbirane yamaze igihe kinini mu nyanja Itukura ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa ryiyongera.Hamwe nigihe cyigihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, ibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa birashobora gukomeza kuzamuka mugihe kizaza.
Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Burayi byiyongereyeho 20% mu cyumweru
Kuva mu ntangiriro za Mata 2024, Igicuruzwa cyoherezwa mu mahanga cya Shanghai cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyashyizwe ahagaragara n’ivunjisha ry’ibicuruzwa bya Shanghai byakomeje kwiyongera.Imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya 10 Gicurasi yerekanaga ko igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga cya Shanghai cyari ibicuruzwa 2305.79, byiyongereyeho 18.8% ugereranyije n’icyumweru gishize, byiyongereyeho 33.21% bivuye ku manota 1730.98 ku ya 29 Werurwe, kandi byiyongereyeho 33.21% bivuye ku manota 1730.98 kuri Ku ya 29 Werurwe, ibyo bikaba byari hejuru y'ibyo mu Gushyingo 2023 mbere yuko ikibazo cy'Inyanja Itukura gitangira.Kwiyongera kwa 132.16%.
Muri byo, inzira zerekeza muri Amerika yepfo n'Uburayi zazamutse cyane.Igipimo cy’imizigo (ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja n’inyongera zo mu nyanja) byoherejwe ku cyambu cya Shanghai kugera ku isoko ry’ibanze rya Amerika yepfo ni US $ 5.461 / TEU (kontineri ifite uburebure bwa metero 20, izwi kandi nka TEU), ikiyongeraho 18.1% ugereranije n’igihe cyashize no kwiyongera kwa 95,88% guhera mu mpera za Werurwe.Igipimo cy’imizigo (ibicuruzwa byoherejwe n’ubwikorezi) byoherejwe ku cyambu cya Shanghai ku isoko ry’ibanze ry’i Burayi ni US $ 2.869 / TEU, byiyongereyeho 24.7% ugereranije n’icyumweru gishize, byiyongereyeho 43.88% guhera mu mpera za Werurwe, no kwiyongera ya 305.8% guhera mu Gushyingo 2023.
Ushinzwe ubucuruzi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa bitanga serivisi ku isi ku isi bitanga serivisi z’ibikoresho bya Yunqunar Logistics Technology Group (aha bita "Yunqunar") mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru yavuze ko guhera mu mpera za Mata uyu mwaka, dushobora kumva ko ibyoherezwa mu kilatini Amerika, Uburayi, Amerika ya Ruguru, n’ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, Ubuhinde na Pakisitani byiyongereye, kandi kwiyongera byagaragaye cyane muri Gicurasi.
Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na Drewry, ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi n’ubujyanama mu bwikorezi, ku ya 10 Gicurasi yerekanaga kandi ko indangagaciro ya Drewry World Container Index (WCI) yazamutse igera ku madolari 3,159 / FEU (kontineri ifite uburebure bwa metero 40) kuri iki cyumweru (guhera ku ya 9 Gicurasi), ihuje na 2022 Yiyongereyeho 81% ugereranije n’igihe cyashize umwaka ushize kandi yari hejuru ya 122% ugereranyije n’ikigereranyo cy’amadolari ya Amerika 1,420 / FEU mbere y’icyorezo muri 2019.
Vuba aha, amasosiyete menshi atwara ibicuruzwa, harimo na Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), Maersk, CMA CGM, na Hapag-Lloyd, yatangaje ko izamuka ry’ibiciro.Fata urugero rwa CMA CGM.Mu mpera za Mata, CMA CGM yatangaje ko guhera ku ya 15 Gicurasi, izahindura ibipimo bishya bya FAK (Freight All Kinds) ku nzira ya Aziya-Amajyaruguru y’Uburayi igana US $ 2700 / TEU na US $ 5,000 / FEU.Mbere, bariyongereyeho US $ 500 / TEU na US $ 1.000 / FEU;ku ya 10 Gicurasi, CMA CGM yatangaje ko guhera ku ya 1 Kamena, izongera igipimo cya FAK ku mizigo yoherejwe muri Aziya ikajya ku byambu bya Nordic.Ibipimo bishya biri hejuru ya US $ 6.000 / FEU.Nongeye Kongera $ 1.000 / FEU.
Ke Wensheng, umuyobozi mukuru w’ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu n'ibintu ku isi Maersk, mu nama iherutse guhamagarira yavuze ko ubwinshi bw’imizigo ku nzira z’i Burayi za Maersk bwiyongereyeho 9%, bitewe ahanini n’uko ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga by’ibihugu by’i Burayi byuzuza ibicuruzwa.Icyakora, ikibazo cy’umwanya muto nacyo cyavutse, kandi abatwara ibicuruzwa benshi bagomba kwishyura ibiciro by’imizigo kugira ngo birinde gutinda kw'imizigo.
Mugihe ibiciro byo kohereza bizamuka, ibiciro bya gari ya moshi zitwara ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa-Uburayi nabyo birazamuka.Uhereza ibicuruzwa bishinzwe gari ya moshi zitwara ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa n'Uburayi yabwiye abanyamakuru ko muri iki gihe ibicuruzwa bitwara abagenzi muri gari ya moshi zitwara ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa n'Uburayi byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, kandi ibiciro by'imizigo ku mirongo imwe n'imwe byiyongereyeho amadorari y'Amerika 200-300, kandi birashoboka ko bizakomeza kwiyongera. ahazaza.Ati: “Igiciro cy'imizigo yo mu nyanja cyiyongereye, kandi umwanya w'ububiko hamwe n'igihe ntigishobora guhaza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byoherezwa mu byoherezwa muri gari ya moshi.Icyakora, ubushobozi bwo gutwara gari ya moshi ni buke, kandi icyifuzo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa cyiyongereye cyane mu gihe gito, ibyo rwose bizagira ingaruka ku biciro by'imizigo. ”
Ikibazo cyibura rya kontineri kiragaruka
Ati: “Yaba ubwikorezi cyangwa gari ya moshi, harabura kontineri.Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, ntibishoboka gutumiza agasanduku.Igiciro cyo gukodesha kontineri ku isoko ni kinini kuruta izamuka ry’ibiciro by’imizigo. ”Umuntu mu nganda za kontineri muri Guangdong yabwiye abanyamakuru.
Kurugero, yavuze ko ikiguzi cyo gukoresha 40HQ (kontineri ifite uburebure bwa metero 40) mu nzira y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi cyari US $ 500-600 umwaka ushize, kikaba cyarazamutse kigera ku $ 1.000-1200 muri Mutarama uyu mwaka.Ubu yazamutse igera ku madorari arenga 1.500 US $, kandi irenga US $ 2000 mu turere tumwe na tumwe.
Uhereza ibicuruzwa ku cyambu cya Shanghai na we yabwiye abanyamakuru ko ibibuga bimwe byo mu mahanga ubu byuzuye kontineri, kandi mu Bushinwa hakabura ikibazo gikomeye.Igiciro cy'amasanduku arimo ubusa muri Shanghai na Duisburg, mu Budage, cyavuye kuri US $ 1,450 muri Werurwe kigera ku $ 1.900.
Ushinzwe ubucuruzi bw’ubwikorezi bwavuzwe haruguru bwa Yunqunar yavuze ko impamvu ikomeye yatumye ubwiyongere bw’amafaranga yo gukodesha kontineri ari uko kubera amakimbirane yabereye mu nyanja itukura, umubare munini w’abatunze ubwato berekeje ku kirwa cya Byiringiro, yatumye ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byibura byibura ibyumweru 2-3 kurenza igihe gisanzwe, bivamo ibikoresho birimo ubusa.Amazi atinda.
Isoko ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi (mu ntangiriro kugeza hagati muri Gicurasi) ryashyizwe ahagaragara na Dexun Logistics ku ya 9 Gicurasi ryerekanye ko nyuma y’ibiruhuko by’umunsi wa Gicurasi, muri rusange ibintu bitangwa muri kontineri bitigeze bihinduka ku buryo bugaragara.Hariho urwego rutandukanye rwo kubura kontineri, cyane cyane kontineri nini kandi ndende, kandi amasosiyete amwe atwara ibicuruzwa akomeje gushimangira kugenzura imikoreshereze yabyo mumihanda yo muri Amerika y'Epfo.Ibikoresho bishya bikozwe mu Bushinwa byanditswe mbere y’ukwezi kwa Kamena.
Mu 2021, yibasiwe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19, isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga “ryabanje kugabanuka hanyuma rirazamuka”, kandi urwego mpuzamahanga rw’ibikoresho rwahuye n’ibihugu bikabije bitunguranye.Kugaruka kwa kontineri zanyanyagiye hirya no hino ku isi ntabwo byoroshye, kandi gukwirakwiza ku isi hose ibintu ntibingana.Umubare munini wibikoresho byubusa wasubiye inyuma muri Amerika, Uburayi, Ositaraliya n'ahandi, kandi igihugu cyanjye kikaba kibura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Kubwibyo, ibigo bya kontineri byuzuye ibicuruzwa kandi bifite ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo gukora.Mu mpera za 2021 ni bwo ibura ry'amasanduku ryagabanutse buhoro buhoro.
Hamwe no kunoza itangwa rya kontineri no kugarura imikorere yimikorere ku isoko ryoherezwa ku isi, habaye ibirarane bikabije by’ibikoresho byambaye ubusa ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu kuva 2022 kugeza 2023, kugeza ubwo muri uyu mwaka hongeye kubura kontineri.
Ibiciro by'imizigo birashobora gukomeza kuzamuka
Ku bijyanye n’impamvu zatumye izamuka ry’ibiciro by’imizigo riherutse, umuntu ushinzwe ubucuruzi bw’ubwikorezi bwavuzwe haruguru bwa YQN yasesenguye abanyamakuru ko ubanza, Amerika yarangije ahanini icyiciro cyo gusenya ikinjira mu cyiciro cyo guhagarika.Ubwinshi bwubwikorezi bwinzira nyabagendwa ya pasifika bwagiye busubirana buhoro buhoro, ibyo bikaba byazamuye ibiciro byubwikorezi.Icya kabiri, mu rwego rwo kwirinda ihinduka ry’imisoro ryakozwe na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, amasosiyete agana ku isoko ry’Amerika yakoresheje isoko ry’Amerika yo muri Amerika y'Epfo, harimo inganda zikora amamodoka, inganda z’ibikorwa remezo, n’ibindi, kandi yimurira imirongo yabyo muri Amerika y'Epfo. , bikavamo guturika gukenewe kwinzira zo muri Amerika y'Epfo.Amasosiyete menshi yo gutwara abantu yerekeza muri Mexico yongeweho kugirango yongere ibyifuzo.Icya gatatu, ibintu byifashe mu nyanja Itukura byateje ikibazo cyo kubura ibikoresho mumihanda yuburayi.Kuva ahoherezwa kugeza kubikoresho birimo ubusa, ibiciro byubwikorezi bwiburayi nabyo biriyongera.Icya kane, igihe cyimpera yubucuruzi mpuzamahanga gakondo ni kare ugereranije nimyaka yashize.Ubusanzwe Kamena buri mwaka yinjira mugihe cyo kugurisha hanze yizuba, kandi ibicuruzwa bizamuka bikwiranye.Uyu mwaka ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa byiyongereye ukwezi mbere ugereranije n’imyaka yashize, bivuze ko igihe cyo kugurisha uyu mwaka cyageze kare.
Zheshang Securities yasohoye raporo y’ubushakashatsi ku ya 11 Gicurasi yiswe “Nigute ushobora kubona ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa?”Yavuze ko amakimbirane amaze igihe kinini mu nyanja Itukura yatumye amakimbirane atangwa.Ku ruhande rumwe, kuzenguruka ubwato byatumye ubwiyongere bw'intego zoherezwa.Ku rundi ruhande, igabanuka ry’imikorere y’ubwato ryatumye ibicuruzwa byinjira cyane ku byambu, bikarushaho gukaza umurego mu gutanga amasoko.Byongeye kandi, impande zombi zisabwa ziratera imbere, imibare y’ubukungu mu Burayi no muri Amerika iratera imbere ku buryo bugaragara, kandi iherekejwe n’uko izamuka ry’ibiciro by’imizigo mu gihe cy’ibihe, abafite imizigo babitse mbere.Byongeye kandi, umurongo w’Amerika winjiye mu bihe bikomeye byo gushyira umukono ku masezerano y’igihe kirekire, kandi amasosiyete atwara abantu afite intego yo kuzamura ibiciro.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, raporo y’ubushakashatsi yemeza ko uburyo bwo kwibanda cyane hamwe n’ubufatanye bw’inganda mu nganda zitwara ibicuruzwa byagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura ibiciro.Zheshang Securities yavuze ko amasosiyete akoresha ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bifite ubucuruzi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Kugeza ku ya 10 Gicurasi 2024, amasosiyete icumi ya mbere yatwaye kontineri yari afite 84.2% y’ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu.Byongeye kandi, hashyizweho ihuriro ry’inganda n’ubufatanye.Ku ruhande rumwe, Mu rwego rwo kwangirika kw'ibidukikije n'ibisabwa, ni byiza kugabanya amarushanwa akomeye y'ibiciro uhagarika ubwato no kugenzura ubushobozi bwo gutwara.Ku rundi ruhande, mu rwego rwo kunoza umubano n’ibisabwa, biteganijwe ko uzagera ku giciro cyo hejuru cy’imizigo binyuze mu kuzamura ibiciro.
Kuva mu Gushyingo 2023, ingabo za Houthi zo muri Yemeni zagabye ibitero ku mato mu nyanja Itukura n'amazi yegeranye.Ibihangange byinshi byo gutwara ibicuruzwa ku isi nta kundi byagenda uretse guhagarika ingendo z’amato yabyo yabaga mu nyanja Itukura n’amazi yegeranye no guhindura inzira zerekeza ku Kirwa cya Byiringiro muri Afurika.Muri uyu mwaka, ibintu biri mu nyanja Itukura biracyiyongera, kandi imiyoboro yoherezwa irahagarikwa, cyane cyane urwego rwo gutanga Aziya-Uburayi, rwagize ingaruka cyane.
Ku bijyanye n’ahazaza h’isoko ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa, Dexun Logistics yavuze ko ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze ubu, ibiciro by’imizigo bizakomeza gukomera mu gihe cya vuba, kandi amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa asanzwe ateganya kuzamura ibiciro bishya by’imizigo.
Ati: “Ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa bizakomeza kwiyongera mu bihe biri imbere.Ubwa mbere, ibihe byo kugurisha mu mahanga gakondo biracyakomeza, kandi imikino Olempike izabera i Burayi muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, ishobora kuzamura ibiciro by’imizigo;icya kabiri, gusenyera mu Burayi no muri Amerika byarangiye ahanini, kandi kugurisha imbere mu gihugu muri Amerika Irakomeza kandi kuzamura ibyifuzo byayo mu iterambere ry’inganda zicuruza iki gihugu.Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bukenewe hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa, biteganijwe ko ibiciro by'imizigo bizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe gito. "
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-17-2024
